Aggregation‐Induced Emission of Hexaphenyl‐1,3‐butadiene

A new type of AIE molecules based on hexaphenyl‐1,3‐butadienes was reported with respect to the synthesis and characterization. This material exhibited different maximum emission wavelength and enhanced emission intensity at different aggregate state (amorphous and crystalline state).     

Reversal Circularly Polarized Luminescence of AIE‐Active Chiral Binaphthyl Molecules from Solution to Aggregation

Four aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active chiral binaphthyl‐based molecules, (R/S)‐ 1 and (R/S)‐ 2 , were designed and synthesized. Interestingly, all of them can exhibit reversal circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals from solution to aggregation, which could be attributed to the different dihedral angle of binaphthyl units from cis‐conformation in pure THF solution to trans‐conformation in THF/water mixtures.     

破乳诱导萃取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定柴油中的锰、铁和铅

采用破乳诱导萃取的前处理方法,结合电感耦合等离子体质谱技术(ICP-MS),测定了柴油中的锰、铁和铅元素。首先将样品和表面活性剂溶液(Triton X-114)混合形成稳定的油包水乳液,以硝酸作萃取剂充分萃取柴油中的锰、铁和铅,然后将乳液离心破乳分层,采用ICP-MS内标法测定酸性水相中的锰、铁和铅。3种元素的检出限(3S/N)在0.008~0.083μg·L-1之间,测定下限(10S/N)在0.027~0.28μg·L-1之间。应用该方法对柴油中金属元素进行测定,加标回收率在94.9%~106%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.66%~2.2%之间。     

Far‐Red and Near‐IR AIE‐Active Fluorescent Organic Nanoprobes with Enhanced Tumor‐Targeting Efficacy: Shape‐Specific Effects

The rational design of high‐performance fluorescent materials for cancer targeting in vivo is still challenging. A unique molecular design strategy is presented that involves tailoring aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active organic molecules to realize preferable far‐red and NIR fluorescence, well‐controlled morphology (from rod‐like to spherical), and also tumor‐targeted bioimaging. The shape‐tailored organic quinoline–malononitrile (QM) nanoprobes are biocompatible and highly desirable for cell‐tracking applications. Impressively, the spherical shape of QM‐5 nanoaggregates exhibits excellent tumor‐targeted bioimaging performance after intravenously injection into mice, but not the rod‐like aggregates of QM‐2.     

White‐Light Emission Strategy of a Single Organic Compound with Aggregation‐Induced Emission and Delayed Fluorescence Properties

A novel white‐light‐emitting organic molecule, which consists of carbazolyl‐ and phenothiazinyl‐substituted benzophenone (OPC) and exhibits aggregation‐induced emission‐delayed fluorescence (AIE‐DF) and mechanofluorochromic properties was synthesized. The CIE color coordinates of OPC were directly measured with a non‐doped powder, which presented white‐emission coordinates (0.33, 0.33) at 244 K to 252 K and (0.35, 0.35) at 298 K. The asymmetric donor–acceptor–donor′ (D‐A‐D′) type of OPC exhibits an accurate inherited relationship from dicarbazolyl‐substituted benzophenone (O2C, D‐A‐D) and diphenothiazinyl‐substituted benzophenone (O2P, D′‐A‐D′). By purposefully selecting the two parent molecules, that is, O2C (blue) and O2P (yellow), the white‐light emission of OPC can be achieved in a single molecule. This finding provides a feasible molecular strategy to design new AIE‐DF white‐light‐emitting organic molecules.     

A Porous Tricyclooxacalixarene Cage Based on Tetraphenylethylene

A quadrangular prismatic tricyclooxacalixarene cage 1 based on tetraphenylethylene (TPE) was efficiently synthesized by a one‐pot S_NAr condensation reaction. As a result of the porous internal structure in the solid state, cage 1 exhibited a good CO₂ uptake capacity of 12.5 wt % and a high selectivity for CO₂ over N₂ adsorption of 80 (273 K, 1 bar) with a BET surface area of 432 m² g^?1. Formation of cage 1 led to the fluorescence of TPE being switched on in solution. The system was employed as a single‐molecule platform to study the mechanism of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) by examining the restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR).     

Synthesis and Design of Aggregation‐Induced Emission Surfactants: Direct Observation of Micelle Transitions and Microemulsion Droplets

The direct visualization of micelle transitions is a long‐standing challenge owing to the intractable aggregation‐caused quenching of light emission in the micelle solution. Herein, we report the synthesis of a surfactant with a tetraphenylethene (TPE) core and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics. The transition processes of surfactant micelles and the microemulsion droplets (MEDs) formed by the surfactant with a TPE core were clearly visualized by a high‐contrast fluorescence imaging method. The fluorescence intensity of the MEDs decreased as the size of MEDs increased as a result of weakening of the restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR). The results of this study deepen our understanding of micelle‐transition processes and provide solid evidence in favor of the hypothesis that the AIE phenomenon has its origin in the RIR of fluorophores in the aggregate state.     

Analytical potential of a laser ablation–glow discharge–optical emission spectrometry system for the analysis of conducting and insulating materials

The analytical capabilities of a glow discharge (GD) as a secondary source for excitation/ionization of the material provided by laser ablation (LA) have been compared to conventional laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In LA–GD both sources can be independently adjusted to optimize the sampling process and then its subsequent excitation. This could involve a number of analytical performance advantages, such as reduced matrix dependence, greater precision and sensitivity than those encountered in LIBS. For such purpose, an ablation chamber design including two electrodes to generate the GD discharge has been built and assayed. A comparison between LIBS and LA–GD–OES has been carried out, both, under reduced argon and helium atmospheres. Different sets of samples (conducting reference materials, glass and fluorine pellets) have been used to evaluate the novel coupled technique. The LA–GD coupled system has shown to provide lower detection limits. In addition, best linear correlations between intensities and concentrations and lower matrix effects have also been found using the coupled system. Moreover, special advantages of the LA–GD–OES have also been demonstrated for the analysis of fluorine.     

问题引导法提高学生学习主动性的探索与实践*——以大学化学混合式教学为例

建设具有创新性、高阶性和挑战度的“金课”,是当代创新型人才培养的必然要求。大学化学是本校非化学类理工科专业基础课,相比于数学和物理,学生重视不足,导致教学效果不理想。为了解决这一问题,采取以学生为主的混合式教学模式,通过设置基础性、应用性及创新性问题,引导学生分层次解决,提高学生参与主动性。所设置的应用性问题包括科技前沿、专业相关、社会热点等,以增加内容的深度和广度,激发学生探索的兴趣。通过实验方案设计及实验检验培养学生的创新思维。采取累加式进行教学效果评价,实践表明该混合式教学模式能显著提高学生自主学习能力和兴趣,提高教学效果。     

高中有机化学教学中提升核心素养并体味科学价值*——以“乙炔的化学性质”为例

介绍了“乙炔的化学性质”的教学设计思路,展现了如何利用创新实验、丰富素材和问题讨论,帮助学生理解有机物性质和结构之间的关系。主要涉及以下几个环节:(1)通过课前自主预习,从乙炔与乙烯的相似性入手,预测乙炔的性质,了解乙炔的实验室制法;(2)结合2个创新分组实验“基于井穴板的微型化气体连续制备和性质检验装置”“利用真空输液瓶、微型样品瓶和注射器的密闭气体微型反应装置”,教师和学生一起巩固了乙炔的实验室制法,验证了预测的化学性质,丰富了对乙炔性质的感性认知,发现了“乙炔不能使酸性K₂Cr₂O₇溶液褪色”的异常现象;(3)从尝试解释异常现象入手,教师和学生一起从键能、加成比例、聚合后主链结构等多个角度探讨了乙炔与乙烯性质和结构的差异,建立起有机物官能团与性质关系的认知模型;(4)通过尝试利用模型解释2000年诺贝尔化学奖“导电高分子”和2017年度国家自然科学成果一等奖“AIE聚集诱导发光材料” 的结构、性质与应用,教师和学生一起提升了对认知模型的理解建构,感悟了科学研究的乐趣,体会化学科学在促进人类文明发展和社会进步中的重要作用。